Nan Goldin

Glam Rock, Bowie and Gender Bending

Bowie Icon of Glam Rock

Bowie Icon of Glam Rock

The early 1970s weren’t all Woodstock afterglow and flower power; these years played host to the Glam Rock era and the rise of a new kind of excess. Glitzing its way from British fine art schools into the wardrobes of David Bowie and Bryan Ferry, Glam represented liberation via sartorial escapism and the blurring of gender lines. Blurring gender lines is my aim within my own photographic exploits so Glam could be the ideal style to perhaps emulate with my gender bending subjects. But what is glam?

Glam was lots of things. On the one hand, it was a style that was theatrical, visually excessive and artificial. It exhibits ideas of camp, androgyny and irony, as reflected in the work of Jack Smith and Steven Arnold. At the front face of pop culture it was evident in the work of infamous gender benders David Bowie and the New York Dolls. Glam was a visually extravagant pop style that exploded across Britain during the 1970’s. The exciting, futuristic sounds, extravagant fashions and glitter-dappled personas offered an escape to fantasy in a period where the U.K was in social and political unrest. But Glam was more than just an aesthetic, it was an attitude, a particular way of thinking about visual culture, gender identity and personal style, which is what, makes it as riveting as a style. There are the drug addicts and drag queens in Nan Goldin’s pictures that are only too happy to flaunt their degradation whilst also highlighting the fluidity of gender. Goldin’s image of Kenny I feel is particularly poignant. But Goldin isn’t the only pivotal figure. There have been many artists, photographers and performers who constitute the glam era, in images that resonate, influence but what’s more glitter even today.

Kenny by Nan Goldin

Kenny by Nan Goldin

David Bowie is perhaps the most vital person to mention here in relation to glam rock and gender bending. Glam rock ultimately broke down barriers between genders and sexualities something Bowie’s persona encapsulated. In 1971 the world was introduced to Bowie’s glittering alter ego Ziggy Stardust. With Ziggy, Bowie began incorporating vibrant make-up, mime, sparkles and performance into his act but also the blurring of gender lines and sexuality. His appearance was the epitome of androgyny, he had a slender physique, high cheekbones and pretty features enhanced by glitter and extravagance. As far as his sexuality was concerned that too was a bit of a grey area. David Bowie married a woman, came out as gay, came out as bisexual, divorced his wife, claimed he was “always a closet heterosexual,” (Orlando Sentinel) and then married a woman again. Bowie was not entirely feminine, nor entirely masculine. He wasn’t gay, straight, bisexual or pansexual. Instead Bowie was all of these things which makes him the ultimate gender bender. David Bowie’s personas embodied the inherent contradictions in gender and sexuality-contradictions that popular culture sought desperately to rid itself of. However, Bowie’s image of gender-bending chameleon has had a radical influence on almost every element of modern day, especially androgyny in fashion, which is particularly evident in current trends for menswear for 2014.

Yves Saint Laurent Spring Summer 2014

Yves Saint Laurent Spring Summer 2014

Yves Saint Laurent Spring Summer 2014 man was youthful at heart, donned red lips, sequinned jackets with thin black bow ties (a look I have re-created with a fellow gender bender). The collection was all about glam rock and just as ambiguity was reaching boiling point, a steady flow of other designers took a card from Bowie’s genderless deck. Astrid Anderson brought the spandex. JUUN.J revealed twiggy legs with dangerously short shorts. JW Anderson continued what last season’s dresses and skirts started with skinny trousers and shoulder-baring tops.

Yves Saint Laurent Spring Summer 2014

Yves Saint Laurent Spring Summer 2014

Yves Saint Laurent Spring Summer 2014

Yves Saint Laurent Spring Summer 2014

This year even saw Bowie highlighting his own influence in the androgynous movement, featuring Tilda Swinton, Andrej Pejic and Saskia de Brauw in the bizarre clip for ‘The Stars (Are Out Tonight)’. Bowie’s lyrics cry out to ‘the stars’. “Here they are upon the stairs. Sexless and not aware” referencing them as the genderless shadows of his limelit past. View the video below:

Overall, ambiguous gender identities and gender blurring fashions are bang on trend. Glam rock and Bowie have definitely sparked inspiration and given me ideas of how to style my subjects to further reinforce their alternative gender identities and diversity.

References:

Sentinel, O (N.D) David Bowie Calls Himself ‘A Closet Heterosexual- 30 May 1993 [online] available from<http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1993-05-30/news/9305300344_1_david-bowie-mick-jagger-ziggy&gt&gt; (27th May 2014)

Savage, J (November 1980) The Face “David Bowie: The Gender Bender” [online] available from <http://www.bowiegoldenyears.com/articles/8011-theface.html > (30th May 2014)

Nakiska, T for Dazed Digital (2014) Sex: Bowie Doesn’t Care [online] available from<http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/16927/1/sex-bowie-doesnt-care&gt; (30th May 2014)

The Fashionista (2013) Coolest thing ever [online] available from<http://fashionista.com/2013/02/tilda-swinton-andrej-pejic-and-saskia-de-brauw-star-in-david-bowies-gender-bending-new-video/&gt; (30th May 2014)

Fallowell, D (2014) David Bowie, patron saint of gender bending [online] available from <http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/David+Bowie,+patron+saint+of+gender+bending/29523&gt; (30th May 2014)

The Guardian (2013) Glam! at Tate Liverpool: through a mirrorball darkly [online] available from <http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/feb/06/glam-tate-liverpool&gt;

Holloway, K (2011)“Bloodchild.” Private Bodies, Public Texts: Race, Gender, and a Cultural Bioethics. Durham: Duke University Press (p.25-66)

Nan Goldin

Photographer Nan Goldin

Photographer Nan Goldin

Over the last thirty years, Nan Goldin has achieved international fame as a photographer by creating alluring images of outsiders, similarly to Diane Arbus and Robert Frank. However, the striking difference is that Goldin’s outsiders are none other than her friends, family and acquaintances, the inhabitants of a bohemian wild lifestyle. Her images are that of tenderness combined with brutal honesty making for a beautiful yet raw collection of images, “I want to show exactly what my world looks like, without glamorization, without glorification. This is not a bleak world but one in which there is an awareness of pain, a quality of introspection” (Nan Goldin)

‘The Ballad of Sexual Dependency’ being her most voluminous and best known set, is a series, which began in 1979 as slideshows for Goldin’s friends. This eventually turned into hundreds and hundreds of photos, a visual diary that is still being written today, as well as a book, first published by Aperture in 1986, which is still being printed. I had never actually read the book and so decided to book it out at the university library.  I’ve been obsessing over it ever since. Whilst I want to create studio portraits for my final degree show, with works like Goldin, Shabazz and Davidmann I’ve been inspired to take a documentary approach also. I want to take photographs of my subjects in their own environments as well as the queer communities’ night scene in different cities. I may include these images but only time will tell. Either way I like the rawness and spontaneity of Goldin’s images in “The Ballad” and is something I want to emulate for personal development and to add more contexts to my final images perhaps.

The Ballad of Sexual Dependency  

‘The Ballad of Sexual Dependency’ is a visual diary chronicling the struggle for intimacy and understanding between friends, family and lovers. Nan Goldin’s photographs show truth, a candid document of her life and personal odyssey. As well as this, Goldin unconsciously captures a universal understanding of the differences between men and women, and an element of humanity that longs for companionship. Beautiful drag queens, transgender, gays and lesbians colour the pages, highlighting the diversity of the human species as well as universal wants and desires. ‘The Ballad of Sexual Dependency’ shows the party and wild times of Goldin’s life and her friends, the high, if you will from people in love to getting high.  In her later series Goldin reveals the downward spiral as many of the people in ‘The Ballad’ their lives are tragically cut short from sexual diseases, addictions and causes from living life in the fast lane during the 70’s and 80’s. Suddenly, you are faced with the bleak realities which took over this queer community, reflecting a key part in human history.

By the 1990s, many of the characters that populated the New York scene were dead and gone. Goldin’s images of Gilles and Gotscho (above) reflect the high, the love, the drugs, the 80’s and suddenly death by the 90’s. It reveals the shocking realties for many of those who were apart of the queer community and drug scene during the 80’s. AIDS ravaged the downtown landscape, and Goldin found herself a historian for a time that she had not expected to end. Filled with sex, drugs, violence, intimacy and nudity, “The Ballad” is none less than page turning and ultimately infectious. What I love about Goldin’s images is how they jump forcefully into the swim of behaviour that appears to be happening spontaneously.  The action and people in the images appear to be real events unfolding naturally before the lens whilst the photographer is somehow involved more as a participant. A sense of ease and rawness exude from the images. This is Goldin’s tribe and these are remarkable human beings, despite living on the cusp of regular society. It pays credit to Goldin as a photographer and are enviable elements within her works.

Photographs of women and couples, people smoking, photographs of men flexing their muscles, photographs of empty beds, photographs of people in bed, photographs of children, photographs of people shooting heroin, photographs of women looking in mirrors, photographs of urination, photographs of the human body, self-portraits, photographs of people. On the one hand, these running themes call to mind the sameness of Goldin’s days but there is also a beauty in the rhythm Goldin creates. I really like this consistency within Goldin’s images as it reflects that whilst this life is most certainly riveting and even taboo for some, for Goldin this was her every day.  And so through these running themes of nudity, sex and beds and the groupings of her images, again reinforces real life and truth.

Goldin’s images are that of provocative and revealing compositions yet create elegantly expressed pieces of art. Decried as ‘heroin chic’ it seems to me that the images are more sad than chic, but they do have an amazing vividness and sense of getting inside the world of Goldin’s life and subjects. The self-portraits of Goldin, most notably, the images of her with a black eye after being beaten by Brian, her boyfriend at the time or looking at herself in a gloomy mirror, are shocking glimpses of the photographer that remind us that she is more than an anthropologist. This is her life we are looking at, “I’m not crashing; this is my party. This is my family, my history’, and behind every image there is something at stake.

Brian, was against publication, sure that the images would prove that he had battered her. As Goldin was careful to point out, they don’t: there are images of her bruised face, but Brian is never identified as the abuser. “I wanted it,” she explains, “to be about every man and every relationship and the potential of violence in every relationship.” This is what I adore about Goldin. She’s fearless and unapologetic revealing the complexities of relationships that are universal, no matter how brutal as well as the fragility of the human condition. Its heart wrenching to see how many of characters photographed are no longer with us, but reinforces a moment in history we should never forget and still plagues the human species even today. In those days, Aids was viewed as a purely homosexual disease so the characters I’d imagine would have been faced with a great deal of hostility. Whilst our knowledge of Aids is now more enlightened, the queer community, trans, gays and lesbians are still treated with a degree of hostility.

References:

Goldin, N (1986) The Ballad of Sexual Dependency

 

Dream Portfolio Task

Choose six individual photographs from different photographers which you like. Choose one out of the six images that means the most to you. 

Sally_Mann_At_Twelve_07

1) Sally Mann “At Twelve”

“You have to be an artist and a madman, a creature of infinite melancholy, with a bubble of hot poison in your loins and a super-voluptuous flame permanently aglow in your subtle spine (oh, how you have to cringe and hide!), in order to discern at once, by ineffable signs―the slightly feline outline of a cheekbone, the slenderness of a downy limbs, and other indices which despair and shame and tears of tenderness forbid me to tabulate―the little deadly demon among the wholesome children; she stands unrecognized by them and unconscious herself of her fantastic power.”

A piece taken from “Lolita” by Vladimir Nabokov which instantly evokes with closed eyes the infamous images by American photographer Sally Mann in my mind. For me, Mann’s series, “At Twelve: Portraits of Young Women” is particularly Lolita-esque.  In the novel Delores ‘Lolita’ Haze is the tender age of twelve when the narrator Humbert Humbert first encounters her as they embark on a disturbing yet heart-wrenching affair.

Twelve years old is a strange age for girls. Whilst they are still considered children, womanhood is often already upon them, as Humbert recognizes in Lolita. Her developing curves yet still childish slender figure and youthful skin send him into frenzy, which is uncomfortable to read. But I can also understand him. The girls in “At Twelve” I find beautiful, which I feel uncomfortable admitting. Their figures are enviably athletic and slender, their faces youthful and unknowing, “unconscious herself of her fantastic power.” It’s that not knowing of how pretty they are, which is why I read the subjects as looking vulnerable, despite Mann claiming to want to focus on the strength that the girls possess.

For me, the one image I chose by Sally Mann is a clear representation of Lolita. The girl in the image resembles Dominic Swain who played Lolita in the 1997 film by Adrian Lynne, which is maybe why I chose it out of the entire series.  It’s the subject’s gaze and pose, which I find interesting. The girl objectively is obviously just relaxing in a chair assumedly in her family back garden. However, she still looks slightly provocative with her bare limbs and wet hair, just like Lolita lying in her back garden beneath the sprinklers which unawares to her drives Humbert insane with delight. I also love Sally Mann’s style: moody black and white images sometimes with tints of browns and yellows. They’re earthy and striking and are a colour palette I’ve tried to emulate over the summer with my wedding images.

Overall, it’s a strong image, which arouses questions in the viewers mind and exudes a Lolita feel, which I find interesting.

A (5)

2) David Hamilton, “Dreams of a Young Girl III”

The reason I chose this image by British photographer David Hamilton, was because, similarly to Sally Mann’s image, it aroused questions in my mind and a degree of guilt at looking at such undeniably beautiful images of the young and still developing female form. The girls are clearly pubescent in Hamilton’s series, which again evokes ideas of nymphets, Lolita and the beauty of youth which, makes you wonder: should I like these images? The girl’s ages aside, I can’t help but fall in love and browse through Hamilton’s endlessly wistful images. Hamilton focuses on the shape of the female form and innocence I feel, again drawing on that kind of unconsciousness the girls possess, of not recognizing the power of their own beauty. The images possess a kind of hazy dreaminess, which reminds me of the Virgin Suicides also. I can’t pin point exactly why I like this image so much but I do. And so it made my top 6.

Petra Collins "Magnetic Paradise"

3) Petra Collins “Magnetic Paradise”

Petra Collins is a 20-year-old photographer from Toronto. She is the founder of the Ardorous, which in her own words is “a platform for female artists showcasing individual and collaborative projects between a collective of female creative professionals – all full of ardor but each with a unique artistic style and voice.” Her images convey a combination of female sexuality, development, innocence and youth reminiscent to scenes from The Virgin Suicides by Sophia Coppola. There’s a sense of tragedy and desperation also in some of her images, which tell a greater story and introduce us to characters we, well maybe just us girls, could relate to.

However, the image I chose by Petra Collins is somewhat different and jumped out at me despite its simplicity. The landscape colour image is of a female floating in a pool of water. The fact the female is floating conjures ideas of being weightless and free, which you are when you’re young and beautiful. The white water bubbles and beaming sun, which seem to burst from the silhouetted figure appear like sparks or flashes, thus reinforcing excitement and how brilliant it is to be wild and youthful. I also love the soft blues in the image. The image for me feels like it’s taken from a memory of some past summer holiday or some sweet dream. I find it simply entrancing.

Ryan McGinley "Coley Running Rainbow"

4) Ryan McGinley “Coley Running Rainbow”

Every summer since 2005, New-York based photographer Ryan McGinley, has been documenting him and his friends, who he renamed as his, ‘bohemian spirits’ as they embark on road trips across America. The words taken from the endlessly exhilarating novel “On the Road” by Jack Kerouac, which is also based on Kerouac’s travels across America with his friends, instantly spring to mind: “They danced down the streets like dingledodies, and I shambled after as I’ve been doing all my life after people who interest me, because the only people for me are the mad ones, the ones who are mad to live, mad to talk, mad to be saved, desirous of everything at the same time, the ones who never yawn or say a commonplace thing, but burn, burn, burn like fabulous yellow roman candles exploding like spiders across the stars”. The people that ‘burn, burn, burn’ are for me the ones captured in McGinley’s portfolio and reflect what Kerouac describes precisely.

Upon viewing McGinley’s impossibly exciting images of adventure and youth I can’t help but relate it to “On The Road”. Both the novel and recent Hollywood film embody a charismatic perspective of being forever young, wild and free: invincible of pain or the downsides of drugs or time, which for me is evident also in McGinley’s images. I have since longed to travel across some exotic landscape with my friends and document our goings on since discovering McGinley’s work. This is why I chose one of McGinley’s as one of my top 6 images of all time. They make me wonder how the photographer has created such colour palettes and found such electrifying characters. I want to emulate him in style and photograph similar subjects.

It was difficult, but I decided on a landscape image of a nude male running through a field toward the camera, which is taken, I assume, from the back of a moving vehicle. The vehicle frames the image with a black border making it appear filmic, as if it were a screenshot taken from, “On The Road”. For me this one image encapsulates what McGinley’s images are all about: freedom, excitement and youth.  The colours are vibrant as is the subject’s expression. His managed to capture a fleeting moment of spontaneity, which I’m simply in awe of. Top notch!

5) Larry Clarke “Tulsa”

5) Larry Clarke “Tulsa”

Delving into my fascination with brooding topics such as crime and addiction, the hard-hitting images from “Tulsa” by American photographer, filmmaker and producer Larry Clark, which shocked the world over, simply had to be apart of my top 6 images. The series combines graphic depictions of sex, drug abuse and violence amongst the youth of Oklahoma during the swinging sixties and early seventies. The black and white images are just that, black and white. They’re harrowing and haunting and touch upon topics, which still interest and horrify people today. The collection documents the artist, and his friends’ amphetamine use. Through the photographs, Clark captures the highs and lows of drug abuse. So undeniably raw, “Tulsa” is a true document of youth culture and drug abuse, which still alive universally even today.

The single image I chose is a portrait picture of a man with a cigarette lying down with a baby unsupported lying on his stomach. If taken out of context the image would seemingly depict everyday life, a father and a baby. However, as we know the series acts as a portrait of Clarke’s friends and their addictions, the images arouses fear and sadness. Is the baby’s needs being met here? Does he know the baby is there? I’m sure the image was shown in a previous lecture and that there’s an image, which follows this one and the man and baby, are smiling, thus putting the audience at ease. Nonetheless, it’s the image I chose which is most haunting for me. It makes me think of the baby in novel and film. “Trainspotting” which dies as an outcome of neglect from his heroin addicted mother. Images like this are hard-hitting, raw and poignant, something I would love to be able to access and document.

Nan Goldin "The Ballad of Sexual Dependency"

6) Nan Goldin “The Ballad of Sexual Dependency”

Over the last thirty years, Nan Goldin has achieved international fame as a photographer by creating alluring images of outsiders, similarly to Diane Arbus and Robert Frank. However, the striking difference is that Goldin’s outsiders are none other then her friends, family and acquaintances, the inhabitants of a bohemian wild lifestyle. Her images are that of tenderness combined with brutal honesty making for a beautiful yet raw collection of images, “I want to show exactly what my world looks like, without glamorization, without glorification. This is not a bleak world but one in which there is an awareness of pain, a quality of introspection”

‘The Ballad of Sexual Dependency’ of which my chosen image derives from, is a visual diary chronicling the struggle for intimacy and understanding between friends, family and lovers. Nan Goldin’s photographs show truth, a candid document of her life and personal odyssey. As well as this, Goldin unconsciously captures a universal understanding of the differences between men and women, and an element of humanity that longs for companionship. It also reflects the highs and lows of living life in the fast lane. Drugs, sex, relationships and love are all the rage but also have us witness the death of many of the main characters in her life.

Obsessed and delighted to focus on the “highs” in Goldin’s work I chose a single colour image of a female straddling her lover as they share a passionate kiss. It’s not the typical romantic, “Breakfast in Tiffany’s” type kiss. The image evokes passion, heat and spontaneity. It’s as if the women has pounced upon her lover in the midst of ecstasy and excitement, unable to hold back, as we see the pair embrace utterly lost in their own world. There’s something very primal and human about the image, which I feel is reinforced by its vivid colour and use of flash. I love images that capture moments and this image does just that.

Which photograph by another photographer has meant the most to you?

For me Ryan McGinley’s image has the most profound effect and triggers the most in me. It inspires me to go on adventures with my friends and document wild goings on just as McGinley did. It evokes feelings of excitement and thrill, of youth and beauty. I adore the use of colour, which is something I rarely shoot in. I want to know how he created such electrifying images and how he managed to meet such enthusiastic and wild characters. Its reminiscence to the scenes and eccentrics to one of my favourite novels, “On The Road” is exciting. It makes me realise the power of story telling through images and how one can make connections to other things. This single photograph represents the lighter things I like in photographs: spontaneity, the wild ones and freedom. This image reflects McGinley’s journeys in a single and electric moment. I have always adored McGinley’s images of him and his friends and am things I want to try and emulate.

What photograph of your own are you most proud of?

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Influenced by Sally Mann, I edited this photo to emulate her style: black and white, sombre with an earthy tone, quite the opposite to the subject matter, a couple on their wedding day. Lovers are often lost in their own bubble on their wedding day. This couple were particularly in awe of one another which evokes to memory the words from the novel “Candy: A Novel of Love and Addiction” by Luke Davies, “We’d found the secret glue that held all things together. In a perfect place, where the noise did not intrude, our world was so very complete”. And I feel I captured that feeling in this image. I love people who have the ability to capture fleeting moments and I think this image was one of those times. Their expression, excitement and perhaps fear on the biggest day of their life is what I think of, which is what I like and am proud of: the moment and expression I captured.

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I’m also proud of the image above, for similar reasons to the first photo. Only of course the subject and situation are entirely different. It’s an image taken on 35mm black and white film of my ex-boyfriend after sex taken over two years ago.  For me it rolls into one, different elements of each image taken from my top six. I want to return to photographing people in this way throughout this module.

Where do you draw inspiration from and what do you fear most?

I often draw inspiration from films, stories, characters and moments in real life. I like to draw upon things I see in films in particular. Such as I love the dream-like quality of The Virgin Suicides and the beautiful tragedy of Lolita. However, I am yet to incorporate such qualities and subject matter in my own image making.  And so I draw most of my inspiration from documenting, real life and children. When it comes to my wedding work, I act as the secondary photographer, allowing me to step back and capture people unaware, lost in whatever moment: a giggle, a kiss, a conversation and so on. This inspires me. Capturing things unravelling before me and simply documenting it. I’d like to bring this inspiration to other matter to such as documenting my friends and boyfriend in more intimate or wild scenarios. However, it might be difficult to catch them unaware!

What I fear most, is creating images that don’t really evoke anything in the viewer. I want to create things that are worthwhile to not only me but to others too.

Project 4, documenting my life

Personal Relationships © Sophie Moet

During my first year at university I found documenting my personal life most enjoyable and is something I hope to continue. Having been introduced to the raw and honest images of photographers Nan Goldin, Elinor Carucci, Ryan McGinley and Ross Rawlings, I was instantly infatuated with the idea of turning the camera onto my own life and relationships. Therefore, throughout the second year I hope to document my experiences, including the everyday and relationships. Above is a mood board for inspiration.

Tate Modern

The exhibition I most enjoyed at the Tate Modern was within the two series ‘Red’ and ‘Dusk’ by Ukrainian photographer Boris Mikhailov.  The photographs examined the politics of everyday life in the Ukraine during the Soviet era and its aftermath, something I was completely unfamiliar with.

Red by Boris Mikhailov © Sophie Moet

Red by Boris Mikhailov © Sophie Moet

Red by Boris Mikhailov © Sophie Moet

I particularly enjoyed Mikhailov’s series titled, ‘Red’ which depicted life in and around Kharkov between 1968 and 1975, using the colour red as a symbolic reminder of the inescapable presence of the Soviet regime. Each photograph contained something red, making the imagery as a collection extremely arresting visually. The photographs were vibrant and beautiful. I also liked how the photographs were presented in the exhibition space, none of the photos were framed, and they were just stuck straight onto the walls. I think this aspect gave the exhibition a more natural and spontaneous feel.

American Power by Mitch Epstein © Sophie Moet

The large-scale photographs in the series, ‘American Power’ by Mitch Epstein were stunning. Again I found myself wanting to learn about something I wasn’t completely familiar with due to beautiful images.  There go, I read the short description alongside the images. Overall the images examine how energy is produced and used in the American landscape. The pictures question the power of nature, government, corporations, and mass consumption in the United States. The photographs clearly show how patriotic America really is, evident through the American flag and the red, blue and white colours that creep into the images.

Gavin Coal Power Plant, Ohio, 2003 by Mitch Epstein © Sophie Moet

BP Carson Refinery, California, 2007 © Sophie Moet

 

The two images I would say best-represented Epstein’s questions about power in America, was the image of Gavin Coal Power Plant, Ohio, 2003 and the image of the BP Carson Refinery, California, 2007. The first image because it starkly shows the effect of the pollution the power plant causes on the natural environment and the second because despite the refinery causing pollution it remains patriotic by displaying a large American flag on the side of the building.

The last exhibition I visited at the Tate Modern was ‘Diane Arbus: Artist Room’. Her striking photographs had already been introduced to us in previous lectures so I was keen to view more of her images. Arbus’ diverse compilation of black and white photographs presented in a three-room display showed a wide range of her intriguing images of outsiders. As I began glancing over the pictures displayed on stark white walls, with matching border and frame, it seemed all too easy but to categorize her images into two subject matters, that of the abnormal and the normal.

Nonetheless her images were fascinating but I was torn as to how I felt towards them. I was puzzled as to whether the pictures were cold and aloof or not. The photographs seemed stark and candid giving me the impression that Arbus lacked in love and compassion for these individuals, also emphasized in bluntly titling them as ‘freaks’.

Male Transexual by Diane Arbus © Sophie Moet

When coming across the image of the male transsexual, loosely holding a cigarette, rollers pinned in his hair with a vacant expression, I thought of Nan Goldin. I helplessly started to draw comparisons between Nan Goldin’s photographs of transsexuals and this single image taken by Diane Arbus. Further fuelling my uneasiness as to how Arbus actually felt towards her subjects.

Male Transexual by Nan Goldin © Sophie Moet

Goldin’s images of her transsexual friends and gays instantly evoke a high charge of romance and love, a feeling of spontaneous image making with a sense of rush and magic. For me her images ooze love for her subjects. I think it’s because her images seem so natural. Her photographs are often lit from natural light sources and taken on compact cameras, giving them that raw lustful edge. However Diane Arbus, for me stirs something very different.

I found Arbus’ images more peculiar and controlled. The idea of controlled made me wonder if that’s how she felt towards the ‘freaks’ like she felt they needed to be contained. All her images were shot in a similar way further limiting the subjects and forcing them to fit into the title of ‘freaks’. Then I had another thought. Maybe the way in which the images were taken and represented how society, at that time, felt towards people who were different. The mastery of the conventional technical aspects presented in Arbus’ images, for me heighten the strange and obscurely troubling aspect of ‘Freaks’. They were so stark it’s disturbing. And I think this is how people thought of humans who were different, disabled or born with mental or physical problems.